1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

, the 1957th year of the

Common Era Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the o ...

(CE) and '' Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the

1950s The 1950s (pronounced nineteen-fifties; commonly abbreviated as the "Fifties" or the " '50s") (among other variants) was a decade that began on January 1, 1950, and ended on December 31, 1959. Throughout the decade, the world continued its re ...

decade.

Events

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

– The

Saarland The Saarland (, ; french: Sarre ) is a state of Germany in the south west of the country. With an area of and population of 990,509 in 2018, it is the smallest German state in area apart from the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg, and ...

joins

West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...

. *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

–

Hamilton Watch Company The Hamilton Watch Company is a Swiss manufacturer of wristwatches based in Bienne, Switzerland. Founded in 1892 as an American firm, the Hamilton Watch Company ended American manufacture in 1969. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, t ...

introduces the first electric

watch A watch is a portable timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person. It is designed to keep a consistent movement despite the motions caused by the person's activities. A wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist, attached by ...

. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

– South African player Russell Endean becomes the first

batsman In cricket, batting is the act or skill of hitting the ball with a bat to score runs and prevent the loss of one's wicket. Any player who is currently batting is, since September 2021, officially referred to as a batter (historically, the ...

to be dismissed for having ''

handled the ball Handled the ball was formerly one of the methods of dismissing a batsman in the sport of cricket, but was integrated into the Law on obstructing the field when the Laws of Cricket were rewritten in 2017. It dictated that either batsman can be g ...

'', in

Test cricket Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last fo ...

. *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

– British Prime Minister

Anthony Eden Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 until his resignation in 1957. Achieving rapid promo ...

resigns. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

–

Harold Macmillan Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. Caricatured as "Supermac", he ...

becomes

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...

. *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...

– The

African Convention African Convention (french: Convention Africaine, CA) was a political party in French West Africa, originally formed at a meeting in Dakar on 11 January 1957. The CA consisted of the Senegalese Popular Bloc (BPS) of Léopold Sédar Senghor, the Afr ...

is founded in

Dakar Dakar ( ; ; wo, Ndakaaru) (from daqaar ''tamarind''), is the capital and largest city of Senegal. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 3.94 million in 2 ...

. *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

–

Kripalu Maharaj Jagadguru Shri Kripalu Ji Maharaj (IAST: '; 5 October 1922 – 15 November 2013) the fifth original Jagadguru in Indian history, the embodiment of the nectar of divine love, was one of the foremost rasik saints who showered the bliss of ...

is named fifth

Jagadguru , literally meaning " of the universe", is a title used in . Traditionally, it has been bestowed upon or used for belonging to the school (among the six traditional schools of thought in Hinduism) who have written Sanskrit commentaries on the ...

(world teacher), after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

– The film ''

Throne of Blood is a 1957 Japanese ''jidaigeki'' film co-written, produced, edited, and directed by Akira Kurosawa, with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya. The film transposes the plot of William Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth'' from Medieval Scotland to feudal Ja ...

'',

Akira Kurosawa was a Japanese filmmaker and painter who directed thirty films in a career spanning over five decades. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. Kurosawa displayed a bold, dyna ...

's reworking of ''

Macbeth ''Macbeth'' (, full title ''The Tragedie of Macbeth'') is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. It is thought to have been first performed in 1606. It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those w ...

'', is released in Japan. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

is privately sworn in for a second term, as President of the United States. **

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

withdraws from the

Sinai Peninsula The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (now usually ) (, , cop, Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a l ...

(captured from

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

on October 29,

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...

). *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. *1531 – The 6.4–7.1 1531 Lisbon earthquake, Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. *1564 – ...

– The

Ibirapuera Ibirapuera Park ( pt, Parque Ibirapuera) is an urban park in São Paulo. It comprises 158 hectares between Av. República do Líbano, Av. Pedro Alvares Cabral, and Av. IV Centenário, and is the most visited park in South America, with 14.4 million ...

Planetarium A planetarium ( planetariums or ''planetaria'') is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. A dominant feature of most planetarium ...

(the first in the Southern Hemisphere) is inaugurated in the city of

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

February

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

– President

Iskander Mirza Sahibzada Iskander Ali Mirza ( bn, ইস্কান্দার আলী মির্জা; ur, ; 13 November 1899 – 13 November 1969), , was a Pakistani Bengali general officer and civil servant who was the first President of Pakis ...

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

lays the foundation-stone of the

Guddu Barrage Guddu Barrage ( ur, )is a barrage on the Indus River near Kashmore in the Sindh province of Pakistan. President Iskander Mirza laid the foundation-stone of Guddu Barrage on 2 February 1957. The barrage was completed in 1962 at a cost of 474.8 mi ...

across the

Indus River The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, ...

, near

Sukkur Sukkur (; ) is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh along the western bank of the Indus River, directly across from the historic city of Rohri. Sukkur is the third largest city in Sindh after Karachi and Hyderabad, and 14th largest ci ...

. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

** France prohibits U.N. involvement in

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

. ** The first

nuclear-powered Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced b ...

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

, , logs its 60,000th nautical mile, matching the endurance of the fictional ''

Nautilus The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in t ...

'' described in

Jules Verne Jules Gabriel Verne (;''Longman Pronunciation Dictionary''. ; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the ''Voyages extraor ...

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...

novel ''

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea ''Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas'' (french: Vingt mille lieues sous les mers) is a classic science fiction adventure novel by French writer Jules Verne. The novel was originally serialized from March 1869 through June 1870 in Pierre-Ju ...

''. It is decommissioned on

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 &nd ...

1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. * January 9 – ...

. ** A coal gas explosion at the giant Bishop Coal Mine in

Bishop, Virginia Bishop is an unincorporated community located in McDowell County, West Virginia, and Tazewell County, Virginia, United States. Bishop lies on the Virginia-West Virginia state line at the intersection of West Virginia Route 16 West Virginia R ...

, United States, kills 37 men. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

– The

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

announces that Swedish envoy

Raoul Wallenberg Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (4 August 1912 – disappeared 17 January 1945)He is presumed to have died in 1947, although the circumstances of his death are not clear and this date has been disputed. Some reports claim he was alive years later. 31 J ...

had died in a Soviet prison ("possibly of a

heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may tr ...

"), on

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. * 1048 – Damas ...

1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...

. *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...

– The

Confederation of African Football The Confederation of African Football, or CAF for short (french: link=yes, Confédération Africaine de Football, ar, link=yes, الاتحاد الأفريقي لكرة القدم, al-Ittiḥād al-Afrīqī li-Kurat al-Qadam), is the administ ...

is founded, at a meeting in

Khartoum Khartoum or Khartum ( ; ar, الخرطوم, Al-Khurṭūm, din, Kaartuɔ̈m) is the capital of Sudan. With a population of 5,274,321, its metropolitan area is the largest in Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing n ...

. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

–

Andrei Gromyko Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (russian: Андрей Андреевич Громыко; be, Андрэй Андрэевіч Грамыка; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as ...

becomes foreign minister of the

. *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...

–

Ingmar Bergman Ernst Ingmar Bergman (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish film director, screenwriter, Film producer, producer and playwright. Widely considered one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time, his films are known ...

's film ''

The Seventh Seal ''The Seventh Seal'' ( sv, Det sjunde inseglet) is a 1957 Swedish historical fantasy film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. Set in Sweden during the Black Death, it tells of the journey of a medieval knight (Max von Sydow) and a game of ch ...

'' opens at cinemas in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

. *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

– A fire at a home for the elderly in

Warrenton, Missouri Warrenton is a city in Warren County, Missouri, United States. The population was 7,880 according to the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Warren County. Warrenton is an exurb of St. Louis, and is located in the St. Louis Metropolitan Statis ...

, United States, kills 72 people. *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &ndas ...

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

n rebel leader

Dedan Kimathi Dedan Kimathi Waciuri (31 October 1920 – 18 February 1957), born ''Kimathi wa Waciuri'' in what was then British Kenya, was the senior military and spiritual leader of the Mau Mau Uprising. Widely regarded as a revolutionary leader, he led t ...

is executed by the British colonial government. ** The last person to be executed in New Zealand,

Walter James Bolton Walter James Bolton (13 August 1888 – 18 February 1957) was a New Zealand farmer who was found guilty of poisoning his wife. He is known as the last person to be executed in New Zealand before the abolition of capital punishment. Bolton was bo ...

, is

hanged Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging in ...

Mount Eden Prison Mount Eden Prisons consists of two separate facilities in the Auckland, New Zealand suburb of Mount Eden — the Mount Eden Prison and the Mount Eden Corrections Facility. History The original Mount Eden prison was a military stockade built i ...

for poisoning his wife. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– The founding congress of the

Senegalese Popular Bloc The Senegalese Popular Bloc (in French: ''Bloc Populaire Sénégalais'' (BPS)) was the result of the merger of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc (BDS) of Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese Democratic Union (UDS), Casamancian Autonomous Movement (MA ...

opens in

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

U Nu Nu ( my, ဦးနု; ; 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995), commonly known as U Nu also known by the honorific name Thakin Nu, was a leading Burmese statesman and nationalist politician. He was the first Prime Minister of Burma under the pr ...

becomes Prime Minister of

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

. **

Arturo Lezama Arturo Lezama Bagez (1899–1964) was a Uruguayan political figure. Background Lezama was a prominent member of the Uruguayan Colorado Party which ruled the country for lengthy periods, and was President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1951 and 19 ...

becomes President of the National Council of Government of

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

. **

Sud Aviation Sud Aviation (, ''Southern Aviation'') was a French state-owned aircraft manufacturer, originating from the merger of Sud-Est (SNCASE, or ''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-est'') and Sud-Ouest (SNCASO or ''Société n ...

forms, from a merger between

SNCASE SNCASE (abbreviated from ''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Est'') or Sud-Est was a French aircraft manufacturer. The company was formed on February 1, 1937, by the nationalization and merger of Lioré et Olivier, Potez ...

(Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud Est) and

SNCASO SNCASO (abbreviated from ''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest'', or commonly, ''Sud-Ouest'') was a French aircraft manufacturer. Created during 1936 as one of seven nationalised aeronautical manufacturing companies, ...

(Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud Ouest). *

– ''

Net als toen "Net als toen" (; "Just like then") is a love song written in Dutch by Willy van Hemert, composed by Guus Jansen and performed by Corry Brokken in 1957 as the Netherlands' entry and runaway winner of the pan-European Eurovision Song Contest, which ...

'', sung by

Corry Brokken Cornelia Maria "Corry" Brokken (3 December 1932 – 31 May 2016) was a Dutch singer, television presenter and jurist. In 1957, she won the second edition of the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Net als toen", representing the Netherlands. ...

(music by Guus Jansen, lyrics by

Willy van Hemert Willy van Hemert (29 March 1912 – 26 June 1993) was a Dutch actor and theatre and television director, but is best known as a songwriter who penned two winning Dutch songs for the Eurovision Song Contest. Biography Van Hemert was born in Utre ...

), wins the

Eurovision Song Contest 1957 The Eurovision Song Contest 1957 was the second edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster (HR) on behalf of ARD, the contest, originally known as the (English: Euro ...

(held at

Frankfurt Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , "Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its na ...

), for the Netherlands. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

** United Kingdom colonies

Gold Coast Gold Coast may refer to: Places Africa * Gold Coast (region), in West Africa, which was made up of the following colonies, before being established as the independent nation of Ghana: ** Portuguese Gold Coast (Portuguese, 1482–1642) ** Dutch G ...

and

British Togoland British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom, which subsequently entered into union with Ghana ...

become the independent nation of

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...

. **

Zodi Ikhia Zodi Ikhia (c. 1919 – February 16, 1996) was a Nigerian politician. Life and career Born around 1919 at Winditen, Ikhia came from a wealthy Tuareg family; his father was a prominent person from Taghagar. He received his primary education in Nia ...

founds the

Nigerien Democratic Front The Nigerien Democratic Front (french: Front démocratique nigérien, FDN) was a political party in Niger. It published the party journal ''L'Unité'' ('Unity'). History The party was founded by Zodi Ikhia and his followers on March 6, 1957, ass ...

(FDN) in

Niger ) , official_languages = , languages_type = National languagesMarch 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...

–

re-opens the

Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...

. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

– President

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...

declares

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

–

1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash On March 17, 1957, a C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft crashed on the slopes of Mount Manunggal Mount Manunggal is the third-highest peak in the island of Cebu after Osmena Peak and Lugsangan Peak. It is located in Barangay Magsaysay in Balam ...

Philippine The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

President

Ramon Magsaysay Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was a Filipino statesman who served as the seventh president of the Philippines, from December 30, 1953, until his death in an aircraft disaster on March 17, 1957. An automo ...

and 24 others are killed in a plane crash. *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka. *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...

– The French news magazine ''

L'Express ''L'Express'' () is a French weekly news magazine headquartered in Paris. The weekly stands at the political centre in the French media landscape, and has a lifestyle supplement, ''L'Express Styles'', and a job supplement, ''Réussir''. History ...

'' reveals that the French army tortures

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

n prisoners. *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

– The

Treaty of Rome The Treaty of Rome, or EEC Treaty (officially the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community), brought about the creation of the European Economic Community (EEC), the best known of the European Communities (EC). The treaty was sig ...

(''Patto di

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

'') establishes the

European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...

(EEC; predecessor of the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

) between Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and Interdict (Catholic canon law), interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. ...

– The

29th Academy Awards For the 29th Academy Awards, the Best International Feature Film was introduced as a competitive category, instead of only a Special Achievement Award. The first winner in this new category was Federico Fellini's ''La Strada'' with Anthony Qu ...

Ceremony is held in

Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood, ...

. ''

Around the World in 80 Days ''Around the World in Eighty Days'' (french: link=no, Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is an adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in French in 1872. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employe ...

'' wins

Best Picture This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...

April

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. It is the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. April is commonly associated with ...

– IBM sells the first compiler for the Fortran scientific

programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming ...

. *

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Kom ...

– The first new

conscript Conscription (also called the draft in the United States) is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day un ...

s join the

Bundeswehr The ''Bundeswehr'' (, meaning literally: ''Federal Defence'') is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The ''Bundeswehr'' is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part con ...

. *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– The

Communist Party of India Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest Marxist–Leninist communist party in India and one of the nine national parties in the country. The CPI was founded in modern-day Kanpur (formerly known as Cawnpore) on 26 December 1925. H ...

wins the elections in

Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...

, making E. M. S. Namboodiripad its first chief minister. *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...

–

reopens the

to all shipping. *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted ...

– The United Kingdom announces that

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

will gain self-rule on January 1, 1958. *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

** The

Distant Early Warning Line The Distant Early Warning Line, also known as the DEW Line or Early Warning Line, was a system of radar stations in the northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the north coast and Aleutian Islands of Alaska (see Proj ...

is handed over by contractors to the U.S. and Canadian military. ** White Rock secedes from

Surrey, British Columbia Surrey is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is located south of the Fraser River on the Canada–United States border. It is a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver regional district and metropolitan area. Mainly a suburban city, Surr ...

, following a referendum. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

– Suspected English

serial killer A serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more persons,A * * * * with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them. While most authorities set a threshold of three ...

Dr.

John Bodkin Adams John Bodkin Adams (21 January 18994 July 1983) was an Irish-born British general practitioner, convicted fraudster, and suspected serial killer. Between 1946 and 1956, 163 of his patients died while in comas, which was deemed to be worthy of i ...

is found not guilty of murder, at the

Old Bailey The Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, commonly referred to as the Old Bailey after the street on which it stands, is a criminal court building in central London, one of several that house the Crown Court of England and Wales. The s ...

. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...

– 25 – The 1957 Fethiye earthquakes occur, on the Mediterranean coast of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

. *

April 30 Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...

– An annular solar eclipse was a non-central annular solar eclipse, that does ''NOT'' have a northern path limit. This was the last of 57 umbral solar eclipses of

Solar Saros 118 Saros cycle series 118 for solar eclipses occurs at the Moon's descending node, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 72 events. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon's descending node. This solar saros is linked to Lunar Saros ...

May

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

– "

Die Stem van Suid-Afrika Die Stem van Suid-Afrika (, ), also known as "The Call of South Africa" or simply "Die Stem" (), is a former national anthem of South Africa. There are two versions of the song, one in English and the other in Afrikaans, which were in use earl ...

", written by

Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven (13 August 1873 – 15 July 1932), who published under his initials C.J. Langenhoven, was a South African poet who played a major role in the development of Afrikaans literature and cultural history. His poetry was ...

, becomes the South African national anthem, replacing "

God Save the Queen "God Save the King" is the national and/or royal anthem of the United Kingdom, most of the Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown Dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown and it may originate in plainchant, bu ...

", which is retained as a

royal anthem The anthem for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band. The head of state in many countries is honored with a prescribe ...

. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

– South Vietnamese President

Ngo Dinh Diem Ngô Đình Diệm ( or ; ; 3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician. He was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954–1955), and then served as the first president of South Vietnam (Republic of ...

begins a

state visit A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, at the invitation of the head of state of that foreign country, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit. Speaking for the host ...

to the United States, his regime's main sponsor. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

. **

Operation Grapple Operation Grapple was a set of four series of British nuclear weapons tests of early atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs carried out in 1957 and 1958 at Malden Island and Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in the Paci ...

: At

Malden Island Malden Island, sometimes called Independence Island in the 19th century, is a low, arid, uninhabited atoll in the central Pacific Ocean, about in area. It is one of the Line Islands belonging to the Republic of Kiribati. The lagoon is entir ...

in the Pacific, Britain tests its first

hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lowe ...

, which fails to detonate properly. **

Stanley Matthews Sir Stanley Matthews, CBE (1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer who played as an outside right. Often regarded as one of the greatest players of the British game, he is the only player to have been knighted while stil ...

plays his final international game, ending an

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

record international career of almost 23 years. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

–

Paul-Henri Spaak Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (; 25 January 1899 – 31 July 1972) was an influential Belgian Socialist politician, diplomat and statesman. Along with Robert Schuman, Alcide De Gasperi and Konrad Adenauer he was a leader in the formation of the i ...

becomes the new

Secretary General of NATO The secretary general of NATO is the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The officeholder is an international diplomat responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff ...

. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

May 24 incident The May 24 incident (), also called the Liu Ziran incident () and the Reynolds riot, was a 1957 international incident between the United States and Taiwan (ROC) that started over the killing of an ROC national and a court-martial conducted by U.S. ...

Anti-American Anti-Americanism (also called anti-American sentiment) is prejudice, fear, or hatred of the United States, its government, its foreign policy, or Americans in general. Political scientist Brendon O'Connor at the United States Studies Centr ...

riots erupt in

Taipei Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the n ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

–

Real Madrid Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (, meaning ''Royal Madrid Football Club''), commonly referred to as Real Madrid, is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid. Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally wor ...

beats

Fiorentina ACF Fiorentina, commonly referred to as Fiorentina (), is an Italian professional football club based in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. The original team was founded by a merger in August 1926, while the actual club was refounded in August 2002 fo ...

2–0 at

Santiago Bernabéu Stadium The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium ( es, Estadio Santiago Bernabéu, ) is a football stadium in Madrid, Spain. With a current seating capacity of 81,044, it has been the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947. It is the second-larg ...

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

, to win the

1956–57 European Cup The 1956–57 European Cup was the second season of the European Cup, Europe's premier club football tournament. The competition was won for the second time by Real Madrid, who beat Fiorentina 2–0 in the final at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, ...

(football).

June

June 9 Events Pre-1600 * 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...

–

Broad Peak Broad Peak ( ur, ) is a mountain in the Karakoram on the border of Pakistan and China, the twelfth-highest mountain in the world at above sea level. It was first ascended in June 1957 by Fritz Wintersteller, Marcus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger, an ...

, on the China-Pakistan border, is first ascended. *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...

–

John Diefenbaker John George Diefenbaker ( ; September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was the 13th prime minister of Canada, serving from 1957 to 1963. He was the only Progressive Conservative party leader between 1930 and 1979 to lead the party to an electio ...

becomes the 13th

Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority the elected Hou ...

. *

June 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. * 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. * 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...

–

Hurricane Audrey Hurricane Audrey was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones in U.S. history, killing at least 416 people in its devastation of the southwestern Louisiana coast in 1957. Along with Hurricane Alex in 2010, it was also the strongest June hur ...

demolishes

Cameron, Louisiana Cameron is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the parish seat of Cameron Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the Lake Charles Metropolitan Statistical Area. After sustaining extreme damage from Hurricane Rita in 2005 and Hurricane ...

, U.S., killing 400 people.

July

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

** The

International Geophysical Year The International Geophysical Year (IGY; french: Année géophysique internationale) was an international scientific project that lasted from 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958. It marked the end of a long period during the Cold War when scientific ...

begins. ** The

University of Waterloo The University of Waterloo (UWaterloo, UW, or Waterloo) is a public research university with a main campus in Waterloo, Ontario Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality ...

is founded in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. **

Hugh Everett III Hugh Everett III (; November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who first proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which he termed his "relative state" formulation. In contrast to the then-dominant Cope ...

publishes the first scientifically founded

many-worlds interpretation The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that asserts that the universal wavefunction is objectively real, and that there is no wave function collapse. This implies that all possible outcomes of quantum me ...

quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, ...

. ** Production of the

Citroën Traction Avant The Citroën Traction Avant () is the world’s first unibody front-wheel-drive car. A range of mostly 4-door saloons and executive cars, were made with four or six-cylinder engines, produced by the French manufacturer Citroën from 1934 to 1957. ...

automobile, begun in

1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...

, ceases. *

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...

- At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957,

Paul McCartney Sir James Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter and musician who gained worldwide fame with the Beatles, for whom he played bass guitar and shared primary songwriting and lead vocal duties with John Lennon. One ...

met

John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of ...

and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall fête in Woolton. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...

– His Highness Prince Karim

Aga Khan IV Shāh Karim al-Husayni (born 13 December 1936), known by the religious title Mawlānā Hazar Imam by his Ismaili followers and elsewhere as Aga Khan IV, is the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailis, a denomination within Shia Islam. He ha ...

becomes the 49th Imam of the

Shia Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his S ...

Ismaili Isma'ilism ( ar, الإسماعيلية, al-ʾIsmāʿīlīyah) is a branch or sub-sect of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (imām) to Ja'far al-Sa ...

Muslims at age 20. His grandfather Sir Sultan Mohammed Shah

Aga Khan III Sultan Muhammad Shah (2 November 187711 July 1957), commonly known by his religious title Aga Khan III, was the 48th Imam of the Nizariyya. He played an important role in British Indian politics. Born to Aga Khan II in Karachi, Aga Khan III ...

appoints Prince Karim in his will. *

July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. * 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. * 1420 ...

– Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the

Arab world The Arab world ( ar, اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, refers to a vast group of countries, mainly located in Western A ...

. *

July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. * 105 ...

–

United States Marine The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...

Major

John Glenn John Herschel Glenn Jr. (July 18, 1921 – December 8, 2016) was an American Marine Corps aviator, engineer, astronaut, businessman, and politician. He was the third American in space, and the first American to orbit the Earth, circling ...

flies an F8U

supersonic Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound ( Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level, this speed is approximately . Speeds greater than five times ...

jet from

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds, setting a new transcontinental speed record. *

July 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...

– The largely

autobiographical novel An autobiographical novel is a form of novel using autofiction techniques, or the merging of autobiographical and fictive elements. The literary technique is distinguished from an autobiography or memoir by the stipulation of being fiction. ...

The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold ''The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold'' is a novel by the British writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in July 1957. It is Waugh's penultimate full-length work of fiction, which the author called his "mad book"—a largely autobiographical account ...

'' by

Evelyn Waugh Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh (; 28 October 1903 – 10 April 1966) was an English writer of novels, biographies, and travel books; he was also a prolific journalist and book reviewer. His most famous works include the early satires ''Decli ...

was published. *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

–

Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

becomes a republic, with

Habib Bourguiba Habib Bourguiba (; ar, الحبيب بورقيبة, al-Ḥabīb Būrqībah; 3 August 19036 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman who led the country from 1956 to 1957 as the prime minister of the Kingdom of T ...

as its first president. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. * 1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, T ...

** The

6th World Festival of Youth and Students The 6th World Festival of Youth and Students was held from 28 July to 5 August 1957 in Moscow, capital city of the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The festival attracted 34,000 people from 130 countries. This became possible after the po ...

, a high point of the

Khrushchev Thaw The Khrushchev Thaw ( rus, хрущёвская о́ттепель, r=khrushchovskaya ottepel, p=xrʊˈɕːɵfskəjə ˈotʲ:ɪpʲɪlʲ or simply ''ottepel'')William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, London: Free Press, 2004 is the period ...

, opens in Moscow. ** Heavy rains and mudslides at

Isahaya is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on September 1, 1940. As of November 1, 2022, the city has an estimated population of 132,385 and a population density of 389 persons per km². The total area is . On March 1 ...

, western

Kyūshū is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands ( i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surround ...

, Japan, kill 992. *

July 29 Events Pre-1600 * 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque Palenque (; Yucatec Maya language, Yucatec Maya: ), also anciently known in the ...

– The

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

is established.

August

August 4 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Goguryeo-Sui War: In response to a Goguryeo (Korean) incursion into Liaoxi, Emperor Wéndi of Sui orders his youngest son, Yang Liang (assisted by the co-prime minister Gao Jiong), to conquer Goguryeo during th ...

–

Juan Manuel Fangio Juan Manuel Fangio (American Spanish: , ; 24 June 1911 – 17 July 1995), nicknamed ''El Chueco'' ("the bowlegged" or "bandy legged one") or ''El Maestro'' ("The Master" or "The Teacher"), was an Argentine racing car driver. He dominated t ...

, driving for

Maserati Maserati S.p.A. () is an Italian luxury vehicle manufacturer. Established on 1 December 1914, in Bologna, Italy, the company's headquarters are now in Modena, and its emblem is a trident. The company has been owned by Stellantis since 2021. Ma ...

, wins the

Formula One Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The World Drivers' Championship, ...

German Grand Prix The German Grand Prix (german: Großer Preis von Deutschland) was a motor race that took place most years since 1926, with 75 races having been held. The race has been held at only three venues throughout its history; the Nürburgring in R ...

, clinching (with 4 wins this season) his record 5th

world drivers championship Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which a ...

, including his 4th consecutive championship (also a record); these 2 records endure for nearly half a

century A century is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word ''century'' comes from the Latin ''centum'', meaning ''one hundred''. ''Century'' is sometimes abbreviated as c. A centennial or ...

. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year. ...

– The

Federation of Malaya The Federation of Malaya ( ms, Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; Jawi script, Jawi: ) was a federation of what previously had been British Malaya comprising eleven states (nine Malay states and two of the British Empire, British Straits Settlements, P ...

gains independence from the United Kingdom, subsequently celebrated as

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

's National Day.

Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Sir Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad ( Jawi: ; 24 August 1895 – 1 April 1960) was the first Paramount Ruler or Yang di-Pertuan Agong of the Federation of Malaya, eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti and second Yang d ...

Yang di-Pertuan Besar In Malay, Yang di-Pertuan Besar, literally ''"He Who Is Made Chief Ruler"'', is a title given to the head of state in segments of the Malay Archipelago. In Malaysia # Also known as Yamtuan Besar, it is the title of the elected monarch of the stat ...

Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan (, Negeri Sembilan Malay: ''Nogoghi Sombilan'', ''Nismilan'') is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It borders Selangor on the north, Pahang in the east, and Malacca and Johor to the s ...

, becomes the first

Yang di-Pertuan Agong The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (, Jawi: ), also known as the Supreme Head of the Federation, the Paramount Ruler or simply as the Agong, and unofficially as the King of Malaysia, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The of ...

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

. The country's new

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

had come into force on August 27. The Alliance Party and its successor are the ruling coalition until 2018.

September

September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...

– The

Civil Rights Act of 1957 The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The bill was passed by the 85th United States Congress and signed into law by President Dwigh ...

is enacted, establishing the

United States Commission on Civil Rights The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (CCR) is a bipartisan, independent commission of the United States federal government, created by the Civil Rights Act of 1957 during the Eisenhower administration, that is charged with the responsibility for ...

. *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

Olav V Olav V (; born Prince Alexander of Denmark; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991. Olav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales. He became heir apparent to the Norw ...

becomes King of Norway, on the death of his father

Haakon VII Haakon VII (; born Prince Carl of Denmark; 3 August 187221 September 1957) was the King of Norway from November 1905 until his death in September 1957. Originally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen as the son of the future Frederick VI ...

. ** The sailing ship ''

Pamir Pamir may refer to: Geographical features * Pamir Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia ** Pamir-Alay, a mountain system in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir Mountains *A pamir (valley) is a high plateau or valley surro ...

'' sinks off the

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

, in a hurricane. *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

–

Camp Nou Camp Nou (, meaning ''new field'', often referred to in English as the Nou Camp), officially branded as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship and financial reasons, is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It has been the home stadium of FC Barcelo ...

, home-stadium of

FC Barcelona Futbol Club Barcelona (), commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça (), is a professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, that competes in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. Founded ...

, officially opens in

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...

– The

Kyshtym disaster The Kyshtym disaster, sometimes referred to as the Mayak disaster or Ozyorsk disaster in newer sources, was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on 29 September 1957 at Mayak, a plutonium production site for nuclear weapons and nu ...

occurs, at the

Mayak The Mayak Production Association (russian: Производственное объединение «Маяк», , from 'lighthouse') is one of the biggest nuclear facilities in the Russian Federation, housing a reprocessing plant. The closest ...

nuclear reprocessing Nuclear reprocessing is the chemical separation of fission products and actinides from spent nuclear fuel. Originally, reprocessing was used solely to extract plutonium for producing nuclear weapons. With commercialization of nuclear power, the ...

plant in Russia.

October

October 1 Events Pre-1600 * 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. * 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated. * 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadwig. ...

– The

Africanized bee The Africanized bee, also known as the Africanized honey bee and known colloquially as the "killer bee", is a hybrid of the western honey bee (''Apis mellifera''), produced originally by crossbreeding of the East African lowland honey bee (''A. ...

is accidentally released in

. *

October 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. *1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. *1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes to ...

Space Age The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events, beginning with the Sputnik_1#Launch_and_mission, launch of Sputnik 1 ...

–

Sputnik program Sputnik (Спутник, Russian for "satellite"NOTE: The Russian word "sputnik" can have many meanings: "satellite", "travelling companion", "fellow traveller", etc. However, in astronomy, it means only "satellite".) is a spacecraft launched u ...

: The

launches

Sputnik 1 Sputnik 1 (; see § Etymology) was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for t ...

, the first artificial

satellite A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotope ...

to orbit the earth. ** The

Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada. The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's (RCAF) ...

delta wing A delta wing is a wing shaped in the form of a triangle. It is named for its similarity in shape to the Greek uppercase letter delta (Δ). Although long studied, it did not find significant applications until the Jet Age, when it proved suitabl ...

interceptor aircraft An interceptor aircraft, or simply interceptor, is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically for the defensive interception role against an attacking enemy aircraft, particularly bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. Aircraft that are cap ...

is unveiled. *

October 10 Events Pre-1600 * 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. * 732 – Charles Martel's forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. *1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the ...

–

Windscale fire The Windscale fire of 10 October 1957 was the worst nuclear accident in the United Kingdom's history, and one of the worst in the world, ranked in severity at level 5 out of a possible 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The fire was in ...

: Fire at the

Windscale Sellafield is a large multi-function nuclear site close to Seascale on the coast of Cumbria, England. As of August 2022, primary activities are nuclear waste processing and storage and nuclear decommissioning. Former activities included nucle ...

nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity generation and in nuclear marine propulsion. Heat from nu ...

on the north-west coast of England releases radioactive material into the surrounding environment, including

iodine-131 Iodine-131 (131I, I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuc ...

. *

October 11 Events Pre-1600 * 1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. *1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. * 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Eng ...

** The

Jodrell Bank Jodrell Bank Observatory () in Cheshire, England, hosts a number of radio telescopes as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Manchester. The observatory was established in 1945 by Bernard Lovell, a radio astron ...

radio telescope A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. Radio telescopes are the main observing instrument used in radio astronomy, which studies the radio frequency ...

opens in

Cheshire Cheshire ( ) is a ceremonial and historic county in North West England, bordered by Wales to the west, Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, and Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south. Cheshire's county t ...

, England. ** The

orbit In celestial mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a p ...

of the last stage of the

R-7 Semyorka The R-7 Semyorka (russian: link=no, Р-7 Семёрка), officially the GRAU index 8K71, was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1 ...

rocket (carrying

Sputnik I Sputnik 1 (; see § Etymology) was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for t ...

) is first successfully calculated on an

IBM 704 The IBM 704 is a large digital mainframe computer introduced by IBM in 1954. It was the first mass-produced computer with hardware for floating-point arithmetic. The IBM 704 ''Manual of operation'' states: The type 704 Electronic Data-Pro ...

computer at the

MIT Computation Center The MIT Computation Center was organized in 1956 as a 10-year joint venture between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and IBM to provide computing resources for New England universities. As part of the venture, IBM installed an IBM 704, wh ...

as part of

Operation Moonwatch Operation Moonwatch (also known as ''Project Moonwatch'' and, more simply, as ''Moonwatch'') was an amateur science program formally initiated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) in 1956. The SAO organized Moonwatch as part of the ...

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, ...

. *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...

– Two trains collide at Yarımburgaz in

; 95 die. *

October 23 Events Pre-1600 *4004 BC – James Ussher's proposed creation date of the world according to the Bible. *42 BC – Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat an army under Brutus in the second part of the Battle ...

–

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

begins its invasion of Ifni. *

October 27 Events Pre-1600 * 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. * 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. * 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia. * 1553 – Condemned as ...

–

Celâl Bayar Mahmud Celâleddin "Celâl" Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish economist and politician who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar began his c ...

is re-elected

president of Turkey The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the government of Tu ...

November

November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...

– The

Mackinac Bridge The Mackinac Bridge ( ) is a suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac, connecting the Upper and Lower peninsulas of the U.S. state of Michigan. Opened in 1957, the bridge (familiarly known as "Big Mac" and "Mighty Mac") is the worl ...

, the world's longest

suspension bridge A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (bridge), deck is hung below suspension wire rope, cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridg ...

between anchorages at this time, opens in the United States, to connect

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...

's two

peninsula A peninsula (; ) is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most, but not all of its borders. A peninsula is also sometimes defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides. Peninsulas exist on all ...

s. *

November 3 Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. *1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in F ...

–

: The

launches

Sputnik 2 Sputnik 2 (, russian: Спутник-2, ''Satellite 2''), or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 (PS-2, russian: Простейший Спутник 2, italic=yes, ''Simplest Satellite 2'') was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on 3 November 195 ...

, with the first

animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...

to orbit the Earth (a dog named

Laika Laika (russian: link=no, Лайка; – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecra ...

) on board; there is no technology available to return it to Earth. *

November 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre. *1093 – Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotla ...

Gordon Gould Gordon Gould (July 17, 1920 – September 16, 2005) was an American physicist who is sometimes credited with the invention of the laser and the optical amplifier. (Credit for the invention of the laser is disputed, since Charles Townes and ...

invents the

laser A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The fir ...

. ** Flooding in the

Po Valley The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain ( it, Pianura Padana , or ''Val Padana'') is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy. It extends approximately in an east-west direction, with an area of including its Venetic ex ...

of Italy leads to flooding also in

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

. *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. *1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morg ...

1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash The 1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash occurred on the Isle of Wight in England on 15 November. With 45 lives lost, at the time it was the second worst aircraft accident within the United Kingdom, then at the time the worst ever air disaster to ...

: A

flying boat A flying boat is a type of fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water. It differs from a floatplane in that a flying boat's fuselage is purpose-designed for floatation and contains a hull, while floatplanes rely on fusela ...

crash on the

Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight ( ) is a county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the largest and second-most populous island of England. Referred to as 'The Island' by residents, the Isle of ...

leaves 45 dead. **

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

announces the end of an economic boycott of

Francoist Spain Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...

(although it does not reinstitute diplomatic relations). *

November 16 Events Pre-1600 * 951 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. *1272 – Whi ...

–

Adnan Menderes Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He ...

of the Democrat Party forms the new government of

(23rd government, last government formed by DP and Menderes). *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 * 1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

–

n president

survives a

grenade A grenade is an explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A modern hand grenade genera ...

attack at the Cikini School in

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

, but six children are killed.

December

December 1 Events Pre-1600 * 800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. *1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. * ...

– In

announces the

nationalization Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...

of 246

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

businesses. *

December 4 Events Pre-1600 * 771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne as sole king of the Frankish Kingdom. * 963 – The lay papal protonotary is elected pope and takes the name Leo VIII, being consecrated on 6 D ...

– The

Lewisham rail crash On the evening of 4 December 1957, two trains crashed in dense fog on the South Eastern Main Line near Lewisham in south-east London, causing the deaths of 90 people and injuring 173. An electric train to had stopped at a signal under the bri ...

in London, UK, leaves 92 people dead. *

December 5 Events Pre-1600 *63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations. * 633 – Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville. * 1033 – The Jordan Rift Valley earthquake destroys multiple ...

– All 326,000 Dutch nationals are expelled from

. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 *1060 – Béla I of Hungary, Béla I is crowned king of Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages, Hungary. *1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, Siege of Kiev (1240), falls to the Mongols u ...

– The first U.S. attempt to launch a

fails, when the

Vanguard rocket The Vanguard rocket was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit. Instead, the Sputnik crisis caused by the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 led the U.S., after the failure of Vanguard TV-3 ...

blows up on the

launch pad A launch pad is an above-ground facility from which a rocket-powered missile or space vehicle is vertically launched. The term ''launch pad'' can be used to describe just the central launch platform (mobile launcher platform), or the entire ...

. *

December 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1317 – The "Nyköping Banquet": King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers Valdemar, Duke of Finland and Eric, Duke of Södermanland, who were subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköpi ...

– Canadian diplomat

Lester B. Pearson Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, diplomat, and politician who served as the 14th prime minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968. Born in Newtonbrook, Ontario (now part of ...

receives the

Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemi ...

, for his peacekeeping efforts in the United Nations. *

December 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. * 1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England a ...

– The

Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is an American, long-range, narrow-body airliner, the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Developed from the Boeing 367-80 prototype first flown in 1954, the initial first flew on December 20, ...

airliner flies for the first time.

Date unknown

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; also romanised traditionally as Mao Tse-tung. (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC) ...

admits that 800,000 "

class enemies The term enemy of the people or enemy of the nation, is a designation for the political or class opponents of the subgroup in power within a larger group. The term implies that by opposing the ruling subgroup, the "enemies" in question are ac ...

" had been summarily liquidated in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, between

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...

and

1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...

. *

Gruppe SPUR Gruppe SPUR was an artistic collaboration formed by the German painters Heimrad Prem, Helmut Sturm, and Hans-Peter Zimmer, and the sculptor Lothar Fischer in 1957. They published a journal of the same name ''Spur''. ''Spur'' was subject to pr ...

, an artistic collaboration, is founded in Germany. * Raja Fashions, a tailoring business is founded in

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...

. * The so-called 'mound of

Midas Midas (; grc-gre, Μίδας) was the name of a king in Phrygia with whom several myths became associated, as well as two later members of the Phrygian royal house. The most famous King Midas is popularly remembered in Greek mythology for his ...

', the Great

Tumulus A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds or ''kurgans'', and may be found throughout much of the world. A cairn, which is a mound of stones buil ...

near

Gordium Gordion ( Phrygian: ; el, Γόρδιον, translit=Górdion; tr, Gordion or ; la, Gordium) was the capital city of ancient Phrygia. It was located at the site of modern Yassıhüyük, about southwest of Ankara (capital of Turkey), in the ...

, is excavated. * Three new neo-

grotesque Since at least the 18th century (in French and German as well as English), grotesque has come to be used as a general adjective for the strange, mysterious, magnificent, fantastic, hideous, ugly, incongruous, unpleasant, or disgusting, and thus ...

sans-serif In typography and lettering, a sans-serif, sans serif, gothic, or simply sans letterform is one that does not have extending features called "serifs" at the end of strokes. Sans-serif typefaces tend to have less stroke width variation than seri ...

typeface A typeface (or font family) is the design of lettering that can include variations in size, weight (e.g. bold), slope (e.g. italic), width (e.g. condensed), and so on. Each of these variations of the typeface is a font. There are list of type ...

s are released:

Folio The term "folio" (), has three interconnected but distinct meanings in the world of books and printing: first, it is a term for a common method of arranging sheets of paper into book form, folding the sheet only once, and a term for a book ma ...

(designed by Konrad Bauer and Walter Baum), Neue Haas Grotesk (designed by

Max Miedinger Max Miedinger (24 December 1910 – 8 March 1980) was a Swiss typeface designer, best known for creating the ''Neue Haas Grotesk'' typeface in 1957, renamed Helvetica in 1960. Marketed as a symbol of cutting-edge Swiss technology, Helvetica achie ...

) and

Univers Univers () is a large sans-serif typeface family designed by Adrian Frutiger and released by his employer Deberny & Peignot in 1957. Classified as a Grotesque (typeface classification), neo-grotesque sans-serif, one based on the model of nineteen ...

(designed by

Adrian Frutiger Adrian Johann Frutiger ( ; 24 May 1928 – 10 September 2015) was a Swiss typeface designer who influenced the direction of type design in the second half of the 20th century. His career spanned the hot metal, phototypesetting and digital t ...

); all will be influential in the

International Typographic Style The International Typographic Style, also known as the Swiss Style, is a graphic design style that emerged in Russia, the Netherlands, and Germany in the 1920s and was further developed by designers in Switzerland during the 1950s. The Internatio ...

graphic design Graphic design is a profession, academic discipline and applied art whose activity consists in projecting visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives. Graphic design is an interdiscipli ...

Births

January

Isabel Ordaz Isabel Ordaz Luengo (born 11 March 1957) is a Spanish actress. She has appeared in more than 50 films and television shows since 1982. She won the Silver St. George for Best Actress for her role in '' Chevrolet'' at the 20th Moscow Internation ...

, Spanish actress ** Ewa Kasprzyk, Polish actress *

–

Bojan Križaj Bojan Križaj () (born 3 January 1957) is a Slovenian, back then Yugoslavian, former alpine skier. During his international career he competed for the then-existing Yugoslavia. He competed at three Winter Olympics. Career Križaj, born in Kra ...

, Slovenian alpine skier *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

–

Patty Loveless Patty Loveless (born Patricia Lee Ramey, January 4, 1957) is an American country music singer. She began performing in her teenaged years before signing her first recording contract with MCA Records' Nashville division in 1985. While her first ...

, American country music singer *

–

Maartin Allcock Maartin Allcock (born Martin Allcock; 5 January 1957 – 16 September 2018) was an English multi-instrumentalist musician and record producer. Biography Born in Middleton, Greater Manchester, Middleton, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester), E ...

, English multi-instrumentalist and record producer (d.

2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

–

Nancy Lopez Nancy Marie Lopez (born January 6, 1957) is an American former professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1977 and won 48 LPGA Tour events, including three major championships. Amateur career Lopez won the New Mexico Women's ...

, American golfer *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

Katie Couric Katherine Anne Couric ( ; born January 7, 1957) is an American journalist and presenter. She is founder of Katie Couric Media, a multimedia news and production company. She also publishes a daily newsletter, ''Wake Up Call''. From 2013 to 2017, ...

, American television host **

Hannu Kamppuri Hannu Juhani Kamppuri (born 1 July 1957 in Helsinki, Finland) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender. Kamppuri was an accomplished SM-liiga goaltender, where he played from 1975 to 1990, and was one of the first Finnish goaltenders ...

, Finnish ice hockey goaltender **

Julian Solís Julian Solís (born 7 January 1957) is a former boxer from Puerto Rico. He was born in the San Juan area of Río Piedras, but because of the closeness of his birthplace to Caguas, he often trained at the Bairoa Gym in Caguas. His training base, h ...

, Puerto Rican former world bantamweight champion boxer *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

** David Lang, American composer **

Dwight Clark Dwight Edward Clark (January 8, 1957 – June 4, 2018) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for nine seasons with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 He was a member of San F ...

, American football player (d.

) *

–

Bibie Bibie (pseudonym of Béatrice Adjorkor Anyankor, born on January 9, 1957, in Accra, Ghana) is a singer, famous for her 1985 hit "Tout doucement". Biography Her childhood was marked by many countries where her father, a Ghanaian diplomat, was se ...

, Ghanaian singer *

Bryan Robson Bryan Robson OBE (born 11 January 1957) is an English football manager and former player. He began his career with West Bromwich Albion in 1972, where he amassed over 200 appearances and was club captain before moving to Manchester United in ...

, English footballer **

Claude Criquielion Claude Criquielion (11 January 1957 – 18 February 2015) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer who raced between 1979 and 1990. In 1984, Criquielion became the world road race champion in Barcelona, Spain on a gruelling course. ...

, Belgian bike racer (d.

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...

–

John Lasseter John Alan Lasseter (; born January 12, 1957) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, animator, voice actor, and the head of animation at Skydance Animation. He was previously the chief creative officer of Pixar Animation Studios, ...

, American director, writer and animator *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

Lorrie Moore Lorrie Moore (born Marie Lorena Moore; January 13, 1957) is an American writer. Biography Marie Lorena Moore was born in Glens Falls, New York, and nicknamed "Lorrie" by her parents. She attended St. Lawrence University. At 19, she won ''Seve ...

, American writer **

Daniel Scioli Daniel Osvaldo Scioli (, ; born 13 January 1957) is an Argentine politician, sportsman, and businessman. He was Vice President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and Governor of Buenos Aires Province from 2011 to 2015. From 2020 to 2022 he was Argen ...

, Argentine politician and sportsman *

Anchee Min Anchee Min (; born January 14, 1957, in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese-American author who lives in San Francisco and Shanghai. Min has published two memoirs, '' Red Azalea'' and ''The Cooked Seed: A Memoir'', and six historical novels. Her fict ...

, Chinese writer **

Wu Chengzhen Wu Chengzhen (; born 14 January 1957) is the first Chinese woman to be ordained as a '' fangzhang'' (abbess) in the history of Taoism. Early life Wu Yuanzhen () was born on 14 January 1957, in Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China as th ...

, Chinese Buddhist

abbess An abbess (Latin: ''abbatissa''), also known as a mother superior, is the female superior of a community of Catholic nuns in an abbey. Description In the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and Eastern Catholic), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic ...

–

Mario Van Peebles Mario Van Peebles (born January 15, 1957) is an American film director and actor best known for directing and starring in ''New Jack City'' in 1991 and '' USS Indianapolis: Men of Courage'' in 2016. He is the son of actor and filmmaker Melvin Va ...

, African-American actor and director *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

–

Ricardo Darín Ricardo Alberto Darín (born 16 January 1957) is an Argentine actor, film director and film producer, he is considered one of the best and most prolific actors of Argentine cinema. Considered one of the greatest and most acclaimed movie stars ...

, Argentinian actor *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

–

Steve Harvey Broderick Stephen Harvey Sr. Also aired August 16, 2015. (born January 17, 1957) is an American television host, producer, actor, and comedian. He hosts ''The Steve Harvey Morning Show'', ''Family Feud'', '' Celebrity Family Feud,'' the Miss U ...

, African-American comedian, television host, radio personality and actor *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

Mike Bossy Michael Dean Bossy (January 22, 1957April 15, 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player with the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League. He spent his entire NHL career, which lasted from 1977 to 1987, with the Islanders, and ...

, Canadian hockey player (d.

2022 File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; 2022 Sri Lankan protests, Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretari ...

) **

Rene Requiestas Renato L. Requiestas (January 22, 1957 – July 24, 1993), professionally known as Rene Requiestas (), was a Filipino actor and comedian. Requiestas was one of the top Filipino comedy, comedians of the late 1980s up to the early 1990s. Requiestas ...

, Filipino comedian (d. 1993) ** Godfrey Thoma, Nauruan politician * January 23 – Caroline, Princess of Hanover *

– Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (d. 2003) * January 27 ** Frank Miller, American comic book writer ** Janick Gers, British heavy metal guitarist *January 29 – Grażyna Miller, Polish poet * January 30 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)

February

John Turturro at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival

* February 1 – Dennis Brown, Jamaican reggae singer (d. 1999) *

– Phil Barney, French singer * February 5 – Jackie Woodburne, Australian actress *

** Kathy Najimy, American actress and comedian ** Robert Townsend (actor), Robert Townsend, African-American actor, comedian, director, and writer (''Hollywood Shuffle'') * February 8 – Cindy Wilson, American rock singer (The B-52's) * February 9 – Gordon Strachan, Scottish footballer and manager * February 11 – Mitchell Symons, British writer * February 14 – Soile Isokoski, Finnish lyric soprano *

** Nathaniel Bar-Jonah, American criminal (d. 2008) ** Shahriar Mandanipour, Iranian writer *

– LeVar Burton, African-American actor *

– Loreena McKennitt, Canadian singer, composer, harpist (''Mummers' Dance'') *

** Marita Koch, German athlete ** Vanna White, American game show presenter (''Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show), Wheel of Fortune'') * February 19 ** Falco (musician), Falco, Austrian rock musician (''Rock Me Amadeus'') (d. 1998) ** Ray Winstone, British actor * February 20 – Glen Hanlon, Canadian ice hockey coach *

– Ria Brieffies, Dutch singer (d. 2009) * February 25 – Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Singaporean politician, 5th Senior Minister of Singapore * February 27 ** Danny Antonucci, Canadian creator of the Cartoon Network show ''Ed, Edd n Eddy'' ** Ralph Cox, American professional ice hockey player ** Timothy Spall, English actor * February 28 ** Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer), Ian Smith, New Zealand cricketer ** John Turturro, American actor, writer and director

March

Qasem Soleimani with Zolfaghar Order (cropped)

Spike Lee at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival

* March 4 – Mykelti Williamson, American actor * March 5 – Mark E. Smith, English singer (d.

) *

– Eddie Deezen, American actor, voice actor and comedian *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...

– Clive Burr, British heavy metal drummer (d. 2013) * March 9 – Mona Sahlin, Swedish politician * March 10 ** Matt Knudsen, American actor, comedian and writer ** Osama bin Laden, Saudi-born founder of al-Qaeda (d. 2011) ** Hans-Peter Friedrich, German politician * March 11 – Qasem Soleimani, Iranian general (d. 2020) * March 12 – Marlon Jackson, African-American singer * March 13 – David Peaston, American singer (d. 2012) * March 15 ** Joaquim de Almeida, Portuguese actor ** Park Overall, American film and television actress * March 18 – György Pazdera, Hungarian rock bassist (Pokolgép) * March 19 – Christopher Murray (actor), Christopher Murray, American actor *

** Vanessa Bell Calloway, African-American actress ** John Grogan, American journalist and non-fiction writer ** Spike Lee, African-American film director and actor ** Theresa Russell, American actress * March 23 ** Edna Molewa, South African politician (d.

) ** Teresa Ganzel, American comedian and actress ** Lucio Gutiérrez, 41st President of Ecuador ** Robbie James, Welsh footballer ** Amanda Plummer, American actress * March 24 – Jack Edwards (sportscaster), Jack Edwards, American play-by-play announcer * March 26 – Leeza Gibbons, American television personality *

– Stephen Dillane, English actor * March 28 – Paul Eiding, American actor and voice actor * March 29 – Christopher Lambert, French-American actor * March 30 ** Shen Yi-ming, Taiwanese Air Force general officer (d. 2020) ** Paul Reiser, American comedian and actor ** Ian Shelton, Canadian astronomer who discovered SN 1987A * March 31 ** Marc McClure, American actor ** Terry Klassen, Canadian voice actor and voice director

April

** J. Karjalainen, Finnish rock musician ** Denise Nickerson, American actress (d. 2019) * April 2 ** Mark Alburger, American composer ** Giuliana De Sio, Italian actress * April 4 ** Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, Mexican drug lord ** Aki Kaurismäki, Finnish film director *

– Ivan Corea, Sri Lankan autism campaigner * April 8 – Henry Cluney, Irish musician *

– Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (d. 2011) * April 10 – Ülle Kaljuste, Estonian actress *

– Vince Gill, American singer and songwriter * April 14 – Mikhail Pletnev, Russian pianist, conductor and composer *

** Afrika Bambaataa, American DJ and producer ** Susan Roman, Canadian voice actress * April 18 – Genie (feral child), Genie, American feral child * April 20 - Aviva Chomsky, history professor and coordinator of Latin American studies at Salem State University * April 21 ** Jesse Orosco, American baseball player ** Herbert Wetterauer, German artist and author ** Faustin-Archange Touadéra, 8th President of the Central African Republic * April 22 – Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of Poland * April 23 ** Jan Hooks, American actress and comedian (d. 2014) ** Kenji Kawai, Japanese composer *

– Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed, Pakistani-British Labour Party politician * April 25 ** Eric Bristow, English darts player (d.

) ** Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, 7th Prime Minister and 8th President of Burkina Faso * April 27 – Michel Barrette, Canadian actor and stand-up comedian * April 28 – Dinorah de Jesús Rodriguez, Cuban-born experimental filmmaker * April 29 ** Daniel Day-Lewis, English-born actor ** Timothy Treadwell, American environmentalist and filmmaker (d. 2003)

May

* May 1 – Jo Jorgensen, American libertarian politician and academic * May 3 – Jo Brand, English comedian * May 5 – Richard E. Grant, English actor * May 10 – Sid Vicious (John Beverley), English punk rock bassist (Sex Pistols) (d. 1979) * May 11 – Peter North (actor), Peter North, Canadian adult actor * May 13 – Carrie Lam, Hong Kong civil servant * May 14 – Daniela Dessì, Italian operatic soprano (d. 2016) *

** Kevin Von Erich, American professional wrestler ** Juan José Ibarretxe, Basque Lehendakari (Prime Minister) *

** Joan Benoit, American Olympic gold medal-winning marathon runner ** Bob Suter, American professional ice hockey player (d. 2014) * May 17 – Gösta Sundqvist, Finnish rock singer and songwriter (Leevi and the Leavings) (d. 2003) * May 18 ** Michael Cretu, Romanian–German new-age musician (Enigma (German band), Enigma) ** Frank Plasberg, German journalist and television presenter * May 20 – Yoshihiko Noda, 62nd Prime Minister of Japan * May 21 ** Rebecca Jones (Mexican actress), Rebecca Jones, Mexican actress ** Judge Reinhold, American actor ** Renée Soutendijk, Dutch actress * May 22 ** Albert Boonstra, Dutch swimmer ** Shinji Morisue, Japanese gymnast ** Gary Sweet, Australian actor * May 23 – Jimmy McShane (aka Baltimora), Northern Irish singer and dancer (d. 1995) *

** John Harrington (ice hockey), John Harrington, American professional ice hockey player ** Walter Moers, German comic artist and writer ** John G. Rowland, American Republican Party (United States), Republican politician, Governor of Connecticut and felon * May 26 **Pontso Sekatle, Lesotho academic and politician **Dan Roodt, South African author and politician * May 27 – Siouxsie Sioux, born Susan Ballion, English post-punk singer (Siouxsie and the Banshees) * May 28 – Kirk Gibson, American baseball player * May 29 – Ted Levine, American actor * May 31 – Jim Craig (ice hockey), Jim Craig, American professional ice hockey player

June

* June 1 – Dorota Kędzierzawska, Polish film director * June 3 – Horst-Ulrich Hänel, German field hockey player * June 5 – Kim Tai-chung, Korean martial artist and former actor and Bruce Lee double (d. 2011) * June 7 – Juan Luis Guerra, Dominican singer and songwriter * June 8 ** Scott Adams, American cartoonist (''Dilbert'') ** Dimple Kapadia, Indian actress * June 12 ** Timothy Busfield, American actor ** Gamal Al-Ghandour, Egyptian football referee ** Javed Miandad, Pakistani cricketer ** Tarek Shawki, Egyptian academic, 25th Ministry of Education (Egypt), Minister of Education and Technical Education in Egypt * June 15 – Seppo Pääkkönen, Finnish actor * June 19 – Anna Lindh, Swedish politician (d. 2003) *

** Michael Bowen (actor), Michael Bowen, American actor ** Luis Antonio Tagle, Filipino cardinal, Archbishop of Manila * June 23 – Frances McDormand, American actress * June 25 – William Goh, Archbishop of Singapore *

– Erik Hamrén, Swedish football player * June 28 ** Lance Nethery, Canadian ice hockey player ** Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria * June 29 – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Turkmen politician, 2nd President of Turkmenistan * June 30 – Silvio Orlando, Italian actor

July

Stefan Löfven efter slutdebatten i SVT 2014 (cropped)

** Erdeniin Bat-Üül, Mongolian politician **

, Finnish ice hockey player * July 2 – Bret Hart, Canadian professional wrestler * July 3 ** Shan Goshorn, American Cherokee artist (d.

) ** Ken Ober, American actor and game show host (d. 2009) * July 4 ** Chulabhorn, Princess Chulabhorn of Thailand ** Jenny Seagrove, English actress ** M. Nasir, Singaporean-Malaysian poet, singer-songwriter, composer, producer, actor and film director ** Dmitry Nazarov, Soviet-Russian actor * July 5 – Doug Wilson (ice hockey), Doug Wilson, Canadian ice hockey *

– Chong Eng, Malaysian politician * July 7 – Mohd Puad Zarkashi, Malaysian politician * July 9 ** Paul Merton, English writer, actor, comedian, radio and television presenter ** Marc Almond, English singer ** Kelly McGillis, American actress * July 10 – Cindy Sheehan, American anti-war activist * July 12 ** Götz Alsmann, German television presenter, musician and singer ** Pino Quartullo, Italian actor, director, screenwriter and playwright ** Rick Husband, American astronaut (d. 2003) * July 13 ** Lília Cabral, Brazilian actress ** Tony Vega, Puerto Rican singer ** Cameron Crowe, American writer and film director *

– Shinobu Otake, Japanese actress * July 18 – Nick Faldo, British golfer * July 21 ** Jon Lovitz, American actor and comedian ** Stefan Löfven, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden * July 23 – Theo van Gogh (film director), Theo van Gogh, Dutch film director (d. 2004) * July 24 – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Uzbek politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Uzbekistan and 2nd President of Uzbekistan * July 26 ** Yuen Biao, Hong Kong actor ** Nana Visitor, American actress * July 27 – Hansi Müller, German footballer *

** Nellie Kim, Russian gymnast ** Fumio Kishida, 100th Prime Minister of Japan

August

* August 2 – Lo' Lo' Mohd Ghazali, Malaysian politician (d. 2011) *

** Rupert Farley, British actor and voice actor ** John Wark, Scottish footballer * August 6 – Jim McGreevey, 52nd Governor of New Jersey * August 7 – Alexander Dityatin, Soviet gymnast * August 9 – Melanie Griffith, American actress * August 10 – Juli Básti, Hungarian actress * August 11 – Richie Ramone, American rock drummer (Ramones) * August 14 – Peter Costello, Australian politician * August 15 – Željko Ivanek, Slovenian-American actor * August 16 ** Tim Farriss, Australian rock guitarist (INXS) ** Laura Innes, American actress and director ** Phil Murphy, American politician * August 17 – Robin Cousins, British figure skater * August 18 ** Carole Bouquet, French actress ** Denis Leary, American comedian and actor ** Harald Schmidt, German actor, writer, columnist, comedian and television entertainer * August 19 – Li-Young Lee, Indonesian-born poet * August 20 – Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby player * August 22 – Steve Davis, British snooker player * August 24 – Stephen Fry, British comedian, author and actor * August 25 – Simon McBurney, British actor, writer and theatre director * August 26 ** Dr. Alban, Nigerian-born Swedish singer ** Uzo (filmmaker), Uzo, Nigerian-American film producer and director * August 27 – Bernhard Langer, German golfer * August 28 ** Ivo Josipović, President of Croatia ** Rick Rossovich, American actor ** Daniel Stern (actor), Daniel Stern, American actor ** Ai Weiwei, Chinese artist, philosopher * August 29 ** Grzegorz Ciechowski, Polish musician (d. 2001) ** Shirō Sagisu, Japanese composer * August 30 – Manu Tuiasosopo, American football player *

** Gina Schock, American drummer (The Go-Go's) ** Ingrid Washinawatok, Native American activist (d. 1999)

September

* September 1 – Gloria Estefan, Cuban-born American singer * September 6 – José Sócrates, 117th Prime Minister of Portugal * September 7 ** Ewa Kasprzyk (athlete), Ewa Kasprzyk, Polish athlete ** John McInerney, British-German singer-songwriter (Bad Boys Blue) * September 8 – Ricardo Montaner, Argentine-born Venezuelan singer * September 11 – Preben Elkjær, Danish footballer * September 12 ** Jan Egeland, Norwegian politician, diplomat and humanitarian ** Kadim Al Sahir, Iraqi singer ** Rachel Ward, English-born actress ** Hans Zimmer, German composer * September 13 ** Bongbong Marcos, 17th President of the Philippines ** Cesare Bocci, Italian actor ** Mal Donaghy, Northern Irish footballer * September 16 – David McCreery, Irish footballer * September 18 – Mark Wells, American professional ice hockey player * September 19 ** Chris Roupas, Greek-American basketball player ** Mark Acheson, Canadian film, television and voice actor * September 20 – Sabine Christiansen, German journalist and television presenter *

** Ethan Coen, American film director, producer, screenwriter and editor ** Kevin Rudd, 26th Prime Minister of Australia * September 22 ** Nick Cave, Australian musician, songwriter, author, screenwriter and actor ** Mark Johnson (ice hockey), Mark Johnson, American professional ice hockey player and coach ** Dalia Reyes Barrios, Venezuelan art collector * September 25 – Michael Madsen, American actor * September 26 – Luigi De Canio, Italian footballer and football manager * September 27 – Peter Sellars, American theatre director * September 28 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and musician *

– Andrew Dice Clay, American comedian * September 30 – Fran Drescher, American actress

October

**Bill Fagerbakke, American actor **Aleksandr Tkachyov (gymnast), Aleksandr Tkachyov, Soviet gymnast * October 5 – Bernie Mac, African-American stand-up comedian and actor (d. 2008) * October 7 – Jayne Torvill, British ice dancer and Olympian * October 8 ** Ewan Stewart, Scottish actor ** Magdalena Cajías, Bolivian academic, historian, and politician. * October 9 – Herman Brusselmans, Belgian novelist, poet, playwright and columnist *

– Rumiko Takahashi, Japanese manga artist *

** Dawn French, British comedian ** Eric Keenleyside, Canadian actor * October 12 – Clémentine Célarié, French actress * October 15 – Stacy Peralta, American director and skateboarder * October 20 – Manuel Huerga, Spanish film director and screenwriter *

** Steve Lukather, American guitarist, singer, songwriter, arranger and record producer ** Wolfgang Ketterle, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * October 22 – Daniel Melingo, Argentine musician *

– Paul Kagame, 4th President of Rwanda * October 25 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress (Bart Simpson from 'The Simpsons') * October 26 ** Bob Golic, American football player ** Julie Dawn Cole, English actress *

– Tsai Ming-liang, Taiwanese film director **Jeff East, American actor * October 28 – Stephen Morris (musician), Stephen Morris, British drummer * October 29 – Dan Castellaneta, American voice actor (Homer Simpson from 'The Simpsons') * October 30 ** Kevin Pollak, American actor ** Richard Jeni, American stand-up comedian and actor (d. 2007) * October 31 ** Brian Stokes Mitchell, American actor and singer ** Robert Pollard, American musician ** Shirley Phelps-Roper, American political and religious activist

November

– Dolph Lundgren, Swedish actor and martial artist * November 4 – Tony Abbott, 28th Prime Minister of Australia * November 5 – Jon-Erik Hexum, American actor (d. 1984) * November 6 ** Cam Clarke, American voice actor and singer ** Ciro Gomes, Brazilian lawyer and politician ** Klaus Kleinfeld, German business executive ** Lori Singer, American actress and musician * November 7 – Christopher Knight (actor), Christopher Knight, American actor * November 10 – George Lowe, American voice actor and comedian * November 12 – Cécilia Attias, wife of French Prime Minister Nicolas Sarkozy *

** Greg Abbott, American attorney and politician ** Roger Ingram, American jazz musician, author, educator, trumpet designer * November 14 – Gregg Burge, American tap dancer and choreographer (d. 1998) *

– Kevin Eubanks, American jazz guitarist * November 18 – Olivia Heussler, Swiss photojournalist * November 19 ** Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (d. 2000) ** Tom Virtue, American actor * November 20 ** John Eriksen, Danish footballer (d. 2002) ** Goodluck Jonathan, 14th President of Nigeria ** Stefan Bellof, German racing driver (d. 1985) * November 21 – Sophie Lorain, Canadian actress, director and producer * November 22 ** Don Newman (basketball), Don Newman, American basketball coach and player (d.

) ** Alan Stern, principal investigator of NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto * November 23 – William Kaelin Jr., American cellular biologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate * November 24 – Denise Crosby, American screen actress * November 26 ** Kevin Kamenetz, American politician (d.

) ** Matthias Reim, German singer-songwriter * November 27 ** Kenny Acheson, Irish race car driver ** Edda Heiðrún Backman, Icelandic actress, singer, director and artist (d. 2016) ** Caroline Kennedy, American author, attorney and daughter of 35th President John F. Kennedy *

– Colin Mochrie, Scottish-born Canadian comedian

December

** Tjahjo Kumolo, Indonesian politician (d.

) ** Deep Roy, Anglo-Indian actor, stuntman, puppeteer, and comedian ** Vesta Williams, American singer-songwriter (d. 2011) * December 3 – Maxim Korobov, Russian businessman and politician *

– Eric S. Raymond, American open source software advocate *

** Thomas Brinkman, American politician ** Andrew Cuomo, American politician *December 7 – Tijjani Muhammad-Bande, Nigerian career-diplomat, President of the United Nations General Assembly (2019) * December 9 ** Peter O'Mara, Australian jazz guitarist and composer ** Donny Osmond, American singer and actor (The Osmonds) ** José Luis Gil, Spanish actor and voice actor *

** Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor (d. 2012) ** José Mário Vaz, former List of Presidents of Guinea-Bissau, President of Guinea-Bissau ** Paul Hardcastle, English musician * December 12 – Sheila E., American percussionist, singer, author, and actress * December 13 – Steve Buscemi, American actor * December 15 – Laura Molina (artist), Laura Molina, American artist, musician and actress * December 16 – Nikolaos Michaloliakos, Greek politician, founder and leader of Golden Dawn (political party), Golden Dawn, a Neo-Nazism, neo-nazi party * December 17 – Doug Parker (voice actor), Doug Parker, Canadian voice actor and voice director * December 19 ** Tracy Pew, Australian musician (d. 1986) ** Kevin McHale (basketball), Kevin McHale, American basketball player *

** Billy Bragg, British singer ** Joyce Hyser, American actress ** Anna Vissi, Greek singer * December 21 ** Tom Henke, American baseball player ** Ray Romano, American actor and comedian * December 24 – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan * December 25 – Shane MacGowan, Irish singer and songwriter (The Pogues) * December 30 ** Matt Lauer, American newscaster ** Joanna Pacuła, Polish actress

Date unknown

*Emily Alemika, Nigerian Professor of Law *Genie (feral child), Genie, American feral child *Marie Mendras, political scientist

Deaths

January

– Theodor Körner (Austrian president), Theodor Körner, Austrian statesman, 5th President of Austria (b. 1873) *

– Gabriela Mistral, Chilean writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1889) *

– A. E. Coppard, English short story writer and poet (b. 1878) *

– Humphrey Bogart, American actor (b. 1899) *

** Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, English army officer and colonial administrator (b. 1874) ** Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor (b. 1867) *

– James Brendan Connolly, American Olympic athlete (b. 1868) *

** Helene Costello, American actress (b. 1906) ** William Eythe, American actor (b. 1918) ** José Linhares, Brazilian lawyer, 15th President of Brazil (b. 1886) **Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japanese diplomat and politician (b. 1887)

February

* February 1 – Friedrich Paulus, German field marshal (b. 1890) *

– Julia Morgan, American architect (b. 1872) *

– Miguel Covarrubias, Mexican painter (b. 1904) * February 8 ** Walther Bothe, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891) ** John von Neumann, Hungarian-born mathematician (b. 1903) * February 9 – Miklós Horthy, Austro-Hungarian admiral and regent of the Kingdom of Hungary (b. 1868) *

– Laura Ingalls Wilder, American author (b. 1867) *

** Josef Hofmann, Polish-born pianist and composer (b. 1876) ** John Sealy Townsend, Sir John Townsend, Irish mathematical physicist (b. 1868) *

, uxoricide, last person to be executed in New Zealand (b. 1888) **

, Kenyan rebel leader, executed (b. 1920) ** Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (b. 1877) * February 19 – Märta Torén, Swedish actress (b. 1925) * February 20 – Sadri Maksudi Arsal, Turkish politician and academic (b. 1878) *

– Marika Ninou, Greek singer (b. 1922) * February 25 – Bugs Moran, American gangster (b. 1893) * February 27 – Wiljo Tuompo, Finnish general (b. 1893)

March

* March 5 – William Cameron Menzies, American film production designer (b. 1896) *

– Alexander Godley, Sir Alexander Godley, British general (b. 1867) * March 7 – Wyndham Lewis, English painter (b. 1882) *

– János Esterházy, Hungarian politician in Czechoslovakia (b. 1901) * March 11 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (b. 1888) * March 12 – Josephine Hull, American actress (b. 1877) *

– Eugenio Castellotti, Italian racing driver (car crash) (b. 1930) * March 16 – Constantin Brâncuși, Romanian sculptor (b. 1876) *

** Seale Harris, American physician (b.

) **

, 7th President of the Philippines (killed in plane crash) (b. 1907) * March 26 ** Édouard Herriot, French politician, 66th Prime Minister of France (b. 1872) ** Max Ophüls, German film director and writer (b. 1902) * March 28 – Gheorghe Tătărescu, Romanian politician, 36th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1886) * March 29 ** Joyce Cary, Irish author (b. 1888) ** María Josefa Segovia Morón, Spanish Roman Catholic laywoman and venerable (b. 1891) * March 31 – Gene Lockhart, Canadian actor (b. 1891)

April

* April 3 – Ned Sparks, Canadian character actor (b. 1883) * April 4 – E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat (b. 1909) *

– Alagappa Chettiar, Indian philanthropist (b. 1909) * April 6 – Pierina Morosini, Italian Roman Catholic laywoman, martyr and blessed (b. 1931) * April 8 ** Dorothy Sebastian, American actress (b. 1903) ** Pedro Segura y Sáenz, Spanish Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1880) * April 11 – William Skelly, American oil magnate (b. 1878) *

– Pedro Infante, Mexican actor and singer (b. 1917) * April 16 – Johnny Torrio, Italian-born American gangster (b. 1882) * April 21 – Boris Kozo-Polyansky, Soviet botanist and evolutionary biologist (b. 1890) * April 23 – Roy Campbell (poet), Roy Campbell, South African poet (b. 1901) *

– Elizabeth Hesselblad, Swedish nurse and Roman Catholic saint (b.

) * April 25 – Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (b. 1880) * April 26 – Elinor Fair, American actress (b. 1903)

May

* May 1 ** Grant Mitchell (actor), Grant Mitchell, American actor (b. 1874) ** George Paish, Sir George Paish, English economist (b. 1867) *

– Joseph McCarthy, American senator (b. 1908) * May 4 – Katie Johnson (English actress), Katie Johnson, British actress (b. 1878) * May 7 ** Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (b. 1877) ** Zenón Noriega Agüero, Peruvian general, interim President of Peru (b. 1900) * May 9 ** Ezio Pinza, Italian bass (b. 1892) ** Heinrich Campendonk, German-Dutch painter and graphic designer (b. 1889) * May 12 – Erich von Stroheim, Austrian actor and director (b. 1885) * May 13 ** Michael Fekete, Hungarian-born Israeli mathematician (b. 1886) ** Prince Makonnen, Ethiopian prince (b. 1923) ** Robert Alfred Theobald, American admiral (b. 1884) * May 14 – Marie Vassilieff, Soviet artist (b. 1884) *

** John Brown (actor), John Brown, British actor (b. 1904) ** Eliot Ness, American Bureau of Prohibition, Prohibition agent (b. 1903) * May 17 – Francesco Balilla Pratella, Italian composer (b. 1880) * May 20 – Gilbert Murray, Australian-British classical scholar and intellectual (b. 1866) * May 29 – James Whale, English film director (b. 1889) * May 31 – Leopold Staff, Polish poet (b. 1878)

June

* June 1 ** Feliksas Baltušis-Žemaitis, Lithuanian military leader (b. 1897) ** Luisa Casati, Italian patron of the arts (b. 1881) * June 6 – Kulyash Baiseitova, Soviet composer (b. 1912) * June 12 ** Robert Alton, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1906) ** Mario Urteaga Alvarado, Peruvian painter (b. 1875) ** Jimmy Dorsey, American jazz musician (b. 1904) * June 13 – Irving Baxter, American athlete (b. 1876) * June 14 – María Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo, Filipino Roman Catholic nun and servant of God (b. 1884) * June 15 – Norina Matchabelli, Princess Norina Matchabelli, Italian perfumier (b. 1880) * June 17 ** Dorothy Richardson, English feminist writer (b. 1873) ** Augusto Samuel Boyd, 20th President of Panama (b. 1879) * June 18 – Henry H. Goddard, American psychologist and eugenicist (b. 1866) *

– Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1874) * June 23 – Patriarch Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum (b. 1887) * June 24 – František Kupka, Czech painter and graphic artist (b. 1871) * June 26 ** Alfred Döblin, German writer (b. 1878) ** Malcolm Lowry, English poet and novelist (b. 1909) *

** Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1924) ** David Wallin, Swedish artist (b. 1876)

July

* July 3 ** Richard Mohaupt, German composer and Kapellmeister (b. 1904) ** Judy Tyler, American actress (b. 1932) * July 4 – Maria Crocifissa Curcio, Italian Roman Catholic and Carmelite nun (b. 1877) * July 8 – Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (b. 1879) * July 10 – Sholem Asch, Polish-Jewish novelist, dramatist and essayist (b. 1880) *

–

, 48th Nizari Imam (b. 1877) * July 15 ** George Cleveland, Canadian actor (b. 1885) ** James M. Cox, Democratic Party (United States), Democratic candidate for President of the United States in the 1920 United States presidential election, election of 1920 (b.

) ** Vasily Maklakov, Russian liberal politician and parliamentary orator (b. 1869) * July 23 – Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Sicilian writer (b. 1896) * July 24 ** Metodija Andonov-Čento, Macedonian statesman (b. 1902) ** Sacha Guitry, Russian-born French playwright, actor and director (b. 1885) * July 26 – Carlos Castillo Armas, Guatemalan military officer and politician, 28th President of Guatemala (assassinated) (b. 1914) *

– Edith Abbott, American social worker, educator and author (b. 1876)

August

* August 3 – Devdas Gandhi, youngest son of Mahatma Gandhi (b. 1900) *

– Washington Luís, 13th President of Brazil (b. 1869) * August 5 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877) * August 7 – Oliver Hardy, American actor (b. 1892) * August 11 – Rudolf Weigl, Polish biologist (b. 1883) * August 16 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881) * August 19 – David Bomberg, British Vorticist painter (b. 1890) * August 20 – Julio Lozano Díaz, President of Honduras (b. 1885) * August 30 – Harold Gatty, Australian aviator (b. 1903)

September

* September 1 – Dennis Brain, English French horn player (b. 1921) (car crash) * September 2 – Bobby Myers (racing driver), Bobby Myers, American NASCAR driver (b. 1927) *

– Muhammad al-Muqri, grand vizier of Morocco (b. 1844) * September 15 – Lee Hill (actor), Lee Hill, American actor (b. 1894) * September 16 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (b. 1864) * September 20 – Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (b. 1865) *

**Jimmy Callahan (actor), Jimmy Callahan, American actor (b. 1891) ** Norma Giménez, Argentine actress (b. 1930) ** Margaret Ashmore Sudduth, American educator, editor, temperance advocate (b. 1859) ** King Haakon VII of Norway (b. 1872) * September 22 – Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (b. 1885) * September 25 – Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1895) * September 28 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and musician (b. 1888) *

– George Bagration of Mukhrani, Prince George Bagration, Georgian nobleman (b. 1884)

October

* October 3 ** Bernard Maybeck, American Arts and Crafts architect (b. 1862) ** Lőrinc Szabó, Hungarian poet (b. 1900) * October 9 – Hassiba Ben Bouali, Algerian militant (b. 1938) * October 19 – V. Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist (b. 1892) * October 20 – Jack Buchanan, British actor (b. 1891) *

– Frederick Burton (actor), Frederick Burton, American actor (b. 1871) * October 24 ** Christian Dior, French fashion designer (b. 1905) ** Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef, South African artist (b. 1886) * October 25 ** Albert Anastasia, American gangster (b. 1902) ** Lord Dunsany, Irish author (b. 1878) * October 26 ** Gerty Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1896) ** Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer (b. 1883) *

– Giovanni Battista Caproni, Italian aeronautical, civil and electrical engineer, aircraft designer and industrialist (b. 1886) * October 29 – Louis B. Mayer, American film studio mogul, former head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) (b. 1885) * October 30 – José Patricio Guggiari, Paraguayan politician, 32nd President of Paraguay (b. 1884)

November

* November 2 ** William Haywood (architect), William Haywood, British architect (b. 1876) ** Ted Meredith, American Olympic athlete (b. 1891) *

** Charles Brabin, American director and screenwriter (b. 1882) **

, Soviet space dog (b. c.

) ** Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1897) * November 4 ** Joseph Canteloube, French composer and singer (b. 1879) ** Shoghi Effendi, Bahá'í leader (b. 1897) ** Grigore Preoteasa, Romanian activist (b. 1915) * November 7 ** Dina Romano, Italian stage and film actress (b. 1888) ** Hasui Kawase, Japanese painter and printmaker (b. 1883) * November 11 – Masao Maruyama (Japanese Army officer), Masao Maruyama, Japanese general (b. 1889) *

– Antonín Zápotocký, 6th President and 15th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884) *

– Andrzej Bursa, Polish poet (b. 1932) * November 17 – Cora Witherspoon, American actress (b. 1890) * November 18 – Rudolf Diels, German Nazi civil servant and ''Gestapo'' chief (b. 1900) * November 24 – Diego Rivera, Mexican painter (b. 1886) * November 25 ** Prince George of Greece and Denmark, high commissioner of the Cretan State (b. 1869) ** Raymond Griffith, American actor (b. 1895) ** William V. Pratt, American admiral (b. 1869) * November 26 ** Billy Bevan, Australian actor (b. 1887) ** Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1884) * November 29 – Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (b. 1897) *

– Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (b. 1890)

December

* December 2 – Harrison Ford (silent film actor), Harrison Ford, American silent film actor (b. 1884) *

– John Lavarack, Sir John Lavarack, Australian general, Governor of Queensland (b. 1885) *

** Claude Barnard, Australian politician and government minister (b. 1890) ** Robert Esnault-Pelterie, French aircraft designer and pioneer rocket theorist (b. 1881) * December 8 **Petre Antonescu (general), Petre Antonescu, Romanian general (b. 1891) **Reginald Sheffield, English actor (b. 1901) *

– Maurice McLoughlin, American tennis champion (b. 1890) *

** James Stevenson-Hamilton, first warden of South Africa's Kruger National Park (b. 1867) ** Napoleon Zervas, Greek WW II Resistance leader (b. 1891) * December 11 – Musidora, French actress (b. 1889) * December 15 – Alfonso Bedoya, Mexican actor (b. 1904) * December 17 – Dorothy L. Sayers, British crime writer, poet, playwright and essayist (b. 1893) * December 21 – Eric Coates, English composer (b. 1886) * December 24 – Norma Talmadge, American actress (b. 1894) * December 25 ** Alfred Walton Hinds, 17th Naval Governor of Guam (b. 1874) ** Charles Pathé, French film pioneer (b. 1863) * December 26 – Angelo Motta, Italian entrepreneur (b. 1890) * December 28 – Hilda Vaughn, American actress (b. 1898) * December 31 – Óscar Domínguez, Spanish painter (b. 1906)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Chen-Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Alexander R. Todd, Lord Alexander R. Todd * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Daniel Bovet * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Albert Camus * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Lester Bowles Pearson

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1957 1957,